Health inequalities could be reduced by more effective healthcare, says new study

Public release date: 31-Oct-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Steve Levene
lsl7@le.ac.uk
44-011-629-58282
University of Leicester

Research led by University of Leicester discovers how effective healthcare can reduce toll from major diseases like stroke, heart disease and cancer

Wide differences in death rates from disease still persist throughout England but effective healthcare can help to reduce these inequalities, a new study has discovered.

Researchers from the University of Leicester led a two-year project funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) into why differences in death rates from diseases like heart disease, strokes, lung disease and cancers still persist.

They found that age and poverty were among the biggest factors that accounted for the differences but they also discovered that effective delivery of healthcare could lessen the impact of these health inequalities.

The research, published in PLOS ONE and funded by the NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Research and Care (CLAHRC) for Leicestershire, Northamptonshire and Rutland, was led by a University of Leicester team including Louis S Levene, honorary clinical fellow, John Bankart, lecturer in medical statistics, Kamlesh Khunti, Professor of Primary Care Diabetes and Vascular Medicine and Richard Baker, Professor of Quality in Health Care and Director of the NIHR CLAHRC.

Dr Levene, a full time GP, said: "Our research examined the wide variations in death rates from major diseases between different areas in England, despite an overall steady decline.

"Our aim is to better understand what factors, particularly in the delivery of healthcare, might explain these variations in death rates. This knowledge could help local health authorities to focus on those measures (such as detecting more people with high blood pressure) that are more likely to reduce these 'health inequalities' over time and to tailor the delivery of these measures to the needs of the local population.

"Looking across all the primary care trusts in England, the main predictors of variations in death rates were population characteristics, especially age and socio-economic deprivation. However, the study showed that for each additional 1% of people known to have raised pressure, there is a decrease in coronary heart disease death rates of 3% and in stroke death rates of 6%.

"Also, for each 1% increase in the percentage of patients recalling being better able to see their preferred doctor, there was a decrease in lung disease death rates of 0.7% and in cancer death rates of 0.3%. These effects are independent of the other factors studied. Variation in the performance of GPs was generally not associated with variations in death rates."

Dr Levene said that, previously, it has not been entirely understood why there are still such variations in death rates in different primary care trusts in England.

He added: "This study successfully tested a new conceptual model that variations in death rates are mainly predicted by variations in the characteristics of populations, but that these effects are altered by some healthcare activities."

Professor Richard Baker, Director of the NIHR CLAHRC and based in the University of Leicester Department of Health Sciences added: "At a time of big changes to how the NHS, especially in the community, will deliver healthcare and associated financial constraints, those who commission healthcare need information about what aspects of healthcare are most likely to benefit the health of populations as a whole. Despite the universal provision of healthcare by the NHS, there remain huge variations in health outcomes.

"This study reminds us all of persisting health inequalities, and challenges for the future of healthcare. Health inequalities are mainly predicted by variations in the characteristics of local populations; healthcare can only partly combat this effect, but it is important that it does so through interventions that include measuring blood pressure, and offering a service that enables people who want to to see the same doctor.

"Healthcare system reforms should therefore aim to deliver cost-effective evidence-based interventions to whole populations, and foster sustained patient-doctor partnerships."

Dr Levene concluded: "It is gratifying to have completed a challenging project, which has the potential to inform and influence decisions about how healthcare needs to be delivered to local populations. It also demonstrates that our Department has increasing expertise in analysing important public health issues. Personally, I am excited by the opportunity that I, an ordinary full-time GP, have had to work with high-powered academic colleagues and to complete a piece of research accepted for publication in a peer-reviewed academic journal."

###

The views arising from this independent research are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health.

Note to newsdesk:

For interviews contact:

Dr Levene on lsl7@le.ac.uk; 0116 2958282

Professor Baker on rb14@le.ac.uk; 0116 252 3202

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 31-Oct-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Steve Levene
lsl7@le.ac.uk
44-011-629-58282
University of Leicester

Research led by University of Leicester discovers how effective healthcare can reduce toll from major diseases like stroke, heart disease and cancer

Wide differences in death rates from disease still persist throughout England but effective healthcare can help to reduce these inequalities, a new study has discovered.

Researchers from the University of Leicester led a two-year project funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) into why differences in death rates from diseases like heart disease, strokes, lung disease and cancers still persist.

They found that age and poverty were among the biggest factors that accounted for the differences but they also discovered that effective delivery of healthcare could lessen the impact of these health inequalities.

The research, published in PLOS ONE and funded by the NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Research and Care (CLAHRC) for Leicestershire, Northamptonshire and Rutland, was led by a University of Leicester team including Louis S Levene, honorary clinical fellow, John Bankart, lecturer in medical statistics, Kamlesh Khunti, Professor of Primary Care Diabetes and Vascular Medicine and Richard Baker, Professor of Quality in Health Care and Director of the NIHR CLAHRC.

Dr Levene, a full time GP, said: "Our research examined the wide variations in death rates from major diseases between different areas in England, despite an overall steady decline.

"Our aim is to better understand what factors, particularly in the delivery of healthcare, might explain these variations in death rates. This knowledge could help local health authorities to focus on those measures (such as detecting more people with high blood pressure) that are more likely to reduce these 'health inequalities' over time and to tailor the delivery of these measures to the needs of the local population.

"Looking across all the primary care trusts in England, the main predictors of variations in death rates were population characteristics, especially age and socio-economic deprivation. However, the study showed that for each additional 1% of people known to have raised pressure, there is a decrease in coronary heart disease death rates of 3% and in stroke death rates of 6%.

"Also, for each 1% increase in the percentage of patients recalling being better able to see their preferred doctor, there was a decrease in lung disease death rates of 0.7% and in cancer death rates of 0.3%. These effects are independent of the other factors studied. Variation in the performance of GPs was generally not associated with variations in death rates."

Dr Levene said that, previously, it has not been entirely understood why there are still such variations in death rates in different primary care trusts in England.

He added: "This study successfully tested a new conceptual model that variations in death rates are mainly predicted by variations in the characteristics of populations, but that these effects are altered by some healthcare activities."

Professor Richard Baker, Director of the NIHR CLAHRC and based in the University of Leicester Department of Health Sciences added: "At a time of big changes to how the NHS, especially in the community, will deliver healthcare and associated financial constraints, those who commission healthcare need information about what aspects of healthcare are most likely to benefit the health of populations as a whole. Despite the universal provision of healthcare by the NHS, there remain huge variations in health outcomes.

"This study reminds us all of persisting health inequalities, and challenges for the future of healthcare. Health inequalities are mainly predicted by variations in the characteristics of local populations; healthcare can only partly combat this effect, but it is important that it does so through interventions that include measuring blood pressure, and offering a service that enables people who want to to see the same doctor.

"Healthcare system reforms should therefore aim to deliver cost-effective evidence-based interventions to whole populations, and foster sustained patient-doctor partnerships."

Dr Levene concluded: "It is gratifying to have completed a challenging project, which has the potential to inform and influence decisions about how healthcare needs to be delivered to local populations. It also demonstrates that our Department has increasing expertise in analysing important public health issues. Personally, I am excited by the opportunity that I, an ordinary full-time GP, have had to work with high-powered academic colleagues and to complete a piece of research accepted for publication in a peer-reviewed academic journal."

###

The views arising from this independent research are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health.

Note to newsdesk:

For interviews contact:

Dr Levene on lsl7@le.ac.uk; 0116 2958282

Professor Baker on rb14@le.ac.uk; 0116 252 3202

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-10/uol-hic103112.php

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MacBreak Weekly 323: Cook Cleans House

Leo Laporte, Andy Ihnatko, Alex Lindsay, and yours truly talk about the leadership shakeup at Apple, the iPad mini, and the rest of the week's news.

Subscribe or download: Twit.tv

Macbreak Weekly

Featured Video

Podcast

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TheIphoneBlog/~3/SIg10PnjGcw/story01.htm

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Global business forum warned of 'carbon bubble' | Eco-Business.com

Global business leaders have been warned of a ?carbon bubble? that will pop as nations accelerate their move into renewable energy and send the value of coal miners and other fossil fuel industries tumbling.

Paul Gilding, an Australian environmental activist and former head of Greenpeace, told the opening of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) that Asia was leading a drive into solar and other renewable energy sources that would leave countries dependent on coal exposed.

It will be ?game over for coal? as the price of solar photovoltaic panels collapses, said Mr Gilding ahead of Wednesday?s speech in Seoul.

Australia?s plans to ramp up its coal exports would probably not be realised as international efforts to limit the emissions of greenhouse gases add to the technological advances already under way, he said.

?I don?t think that [export expansion] is going to take place because the world?s going to move away from coal before we get there,? he said.

Overnight Tuesday, Scotland set a goal of meeting half its electricity demand from renewable sources by 2015, up from 35 per cent last year. It aims to get all its power from clean sources by 2020. Other countries, including from the European Union to China and South Korea, are stepping up efforts to curb greenhouse gas emissions.

Members of the WBCSD include global business giants such as Toyota, General Electric, BHP Billiton, Rio Tinto and Shell. Wednesday?s meeting was expected to include addresses by United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon and South Korean President Lee Myung-bak.

?Radical? shift

Mr Gilding author of ?The Great Disruption,? said his invitation to speak at the event reflected a shift taking place in business circles. ?My message would have been too radical for them five years ago, whereas now it?s sort of the centrepiece of the opening,? he said.

Companies and nations now have to cope with environmental constraints at a time when the health of the global economy was already weak, he said.

?The global economy is in serious trouble, trapped between debt and growth,? he said, according to the notes of his speech.? If we grow successfully, our resource and climate challenges will break us. If we don?t grow our debt will break us.?

Events such as Hurricane Sandy ? which has left a damage bill of as much as $US45 billion for the northeastern US this week ? highlights the point that ?mother nature doesn?t negotiate?, he told the gathering.

Mr Gilding said as many as half of those in the audience ?won?t make it? because their businesses were tied to industries, such as fossil fuels, that won?t make the changes needed.

?We know from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research that to reduce the risk of crossing that two-degree (Celsius) threshold to around 20 per cent ? to give us an 80 per cent chance of not spiralling out of control ? gives us a carbon budget,? Mr Gilding said. ?On current forecasts the entire budget ? for burning coal, oil and gas ? will be consumed in a little over a decade.

?That will then leave around three-quarters of all the currently known, economically recoverable reserves unable to be burnt, reserves that are today the key assets of listed companies.

?Just consider the consequences when the markets realise that financial carbon bubble could burst.?

Australia is the world?s largest coal exporter, with the product behind only iron ore in generating export revenue, according to the Australian Coal Association?s website. Thermal coal exports are projected to rise from 162 million tonnes to 271 million tonnes by 2017, while coking coal exports are on course to rise to 218 million tonnes by 2017, the website said.

According to James Hansen, head of NASA?s Goddard Institute for Space Studies, known coal reserves alone hold about 600 gigatons of carbon, of which about one quarter have been burnt.

Big winners, losers

Mr Gilding said: ?We?re now at a point where business interests are no longer aligned amongst the business community. There are going to be big winners and big losers.?

He singled out global food producer Unilever as one company that was repositioning itself to ensure its supply chain could withstand increased competition for scarce resources.

Mr Gilding said governments would also see advantage in diversifying their energy sources as they struggle to lower unemployment rates: ?A US study found new renewable energy generation would create three times as many jobs per dollar invested as fossil fuels do.?

Government interest, though, may also come from their militaries. Mr Gilding said armed forces from Singapore to Germany and the US were aware of increased competition for water, food and other scarce resources ? issues likely to be made worse by climate change.

?It is a major issue of geopolitical power,? he said.

Technology may drive some of the change. If China dominates solar power, for instance, it would take away a major source of income for the Middle East, which is already an unstable region.

Mr Gilding said the keen interest from armed forces showed such issues are no longer fears confined to environmentalists: ?It?s a very good indicator that the issue has reached a different stage.?

Source: http://www.eco-business.com/news/global-business-forum-warned-of-carbon-bubble/

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Micro Organisms ? Hourly Book

Sorry, Readability was unable to parse this page for content.

Source: http://javedshaikm.wordpress.com/2012/10/29/micro-organisms/

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Happy Healthy Halloween | Health-e-Solutions

Posted on Oct 29, 2012 in Alkalinity, Drinks, Exercise, Food, Fruit, Health-e-Connection, Nuts-Seeds, Treatment, Vegetables, Very-Low-Glycemic |

Health-e-Solutions wishes you a Happy Halloween, not too scary, full of fun and healthy food and exercise.

If you?re planning a Halloween party for the neighborhood kids, candy and other ?junk food? aren?t your only options.

• For trick-or-treaters, offer low-calorie drinks and treats. For party guests, serve fresh, very low-glycemic, alkalizing vegetables, fruits, drinks, and nuts.
• Pumpkin seeds can be a great and healthy treat for all.
• Encourage kids to get as much exercise as possible during party games and trick-or-treating.
• Make sure all lit jack-o?lanterns and candles are placed on sturdy tables and out of the reach of children.
• Encourage family drivers to be especially careful of walking trick-or-treaters.

Source: http://healthesolutions.com/happy-healthy-halloween/

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Partial crane collapse in NYC

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Leopard Seals Suck Up Dinner

Like whales, this Antarctic predator can strain small prey from the water with sieve-like teeth

By Ed Yong and Nature magazine

Image: Gump Stump/Wikimedia Commons

The leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) is one of Antarctica?s top predators. It kills penguins and smaller seals by biting them with sharp canine teeth and repeatedly smashing them against the ocean surface to flay and dismember them. But it now seems that this seal is also equipped to tackle smaller prey.

David Hocking from Monash University in Melbourne, Australia, and his colleagues have shown that the leopard seal eats krill like a whale, by sucking them into its mouth and sieving them through special teeth. Other scientists had predicted this behaviour from the shape and arrangement of the seal?s teeth, but this is the first time that it has been observed and filmed. The researchers' results are published in Polar Biology.

By switching between two feeding styles, the leopard seal can dine from both the top and bottom of the Southern Ocean?s food web. ?This is equivalent to a lion hunting down zebras, but also regularly feasting on ants or termites,? says Erich Fitzgerald from Museum Victoria, Melbourne, who was involved in the study.

?You?d expect that leopard seals would sacrifice something in not specializing on either large or small prey, but the authors persuasively argue that it is a dual specialist,? says Alexander Werth, a biologist from Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia. ?This helps to explain why leopard seals are so successful.?

From whale to seal
Hocking, Fitzgerald and Alistair Evans from Monash University studied leopard seals because the animals' trident-shaped postcanine teeth are similar to those of ancient fossil whales, such as Janjucetus, and the researchers were interested in the feeding habits of these whales. Because the seals were thought to use their postcanine teeth to strain krill from the water, it seemed possible that prehistoric whales did too. But as Hocking searched the literature to confirm this, ?it became apparent that nobody had ever actually observed leopard seals underwater [while they fed] on small prey like krill.?

To do that, Hocking travelled to Taronga Zoo in Sydney, Australia, the only institution in the world that houses leopard seals. Once there, he presented the resident seals, Casey and Sabine, with four small fish sticking headfirst out of a plastic box. At her very first go, Sabine sucked a fish out and expelled the excess water through the sides of her mouth. Hocking called up his team: ?Yep, they do it, all right!?

Casey and Sabine repeatedly used the same technique. Their thick lips allowed them to create suction, and their interlocking trident-shaped teeth imprisoned ingested fish or krill when the animals blew out the ingested water. California sea lions lack such complex teeth ? when the same fish-primed box was presented to them, they often blew their prey out of the sides of their mouth along with the water.

There is indirect evidence that wild leopard seals behave in the same way as the two captive seals. The team examined the skulls of 26 wild-caught adults and found that, whereas their gripping canines were often worn down, the postcanines showed fewer signs of wear, consistent with their role as sieves.

Although the team saw the captive seals sucking only one fish at a time, it seems likely that the animals could ingest krill en masse by using their flexible necks to strike at the heart of a shoal. Krill can constitute up to 83% of a leopard seal's diet in regions in which larger prey are in short supply. One individual that was dissected was found to have more than 10,000 freshly caught krill in its stomach. ?That?s a lot of krill to catch one at a time!? says Fitzgerald.

Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=bd73706c3d981a25669a56b6610c6f7d

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Workers strike at Wescast Industries' Canadian plant

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'Argo' finally tops box office with $12.4M

Actor Ben Affleck poses for photographers during a photocall to present his movie "Argo" in Rome, Friday, Oct. 19, 2012. (AP Photo/Gregorio Borgia)

Actor Ben Affleck poses for photographers during a photocall to present his movie "Argo" in Rome, Friday, Oct. 19, 2012. (AP Photo/Gregorio Borgia)

LOS ANGELES (AP) ? It took three weeks, but "Argo" finally found its way to the top of the box office.

The Warner Bros. thriller from director and star Ben Affleck, inspired by the real-life rescue of six U.S. embassy workers during the 1979 Iranian hostage crisis, made nearly $12.4 million this weekend, according to Sunday studio estimates. "Argo" had been in second place the past two weeks and has now made about $60.8 million total.

Debuting at No. 3 was the sprawling, star-studded "Cloud Atlas," which made a disappointing $9.4 million. The nearly three-hour drama, also from Warner Bros., was co-directed by siblings Lana and Andy Wachowski and Tom Tykwer and features an ensemble cast including Tom Hanks, Halle Berry and Hugh Grant playing multiple roles over six story lines.

Dan Fellman, head of distribution at Warner Bros., said the studio thought there might be a good chance of "Argo" coming out on top this weekend.

"We're thrilled. An accomplishment like that is well deserved, they don't happen very often. You would probably have to do a lot of searching to find a movie that opened in wide release to have two No. 2 weekends in a row and hit No. 1 in the third week," Fellman said. "It's a tribute to the film. Word-of-mouth has taken over the campaign. We have a long way to go, we have a lot of year-end accolades which will approach, and we'll see what happens in terms of the Academy."

On the flip side, Fellman acknowledged that "Cloud Atlas" underperformed compared to hopes that it would end up in the $11-12 million range domestically. The movie had an estimated budget of $100 million. But he pointed out that it had a higher per-screen average than any other film opening in the top 10 with $4,681.

"We did very well on the East and West coasts in a number of major cities," he said. "We're challenged in the Midwest and the South."

It was a soft weekend all around, though, with several newcomers opening poorly, Hollywood.com box-office analyst Paul Dergarabedian pointed out. The horror sequel "Silent Hill: Revelation 3-D" from Open Road Films debuted at No. 5 with $8 million and the Paramount Halloween comedy "Fun Size" arrived in 10th place with just over $4 million. "Chasing Mavericks," an inspirational surfing drama from Fox 2000, didn't even open in the top 12 ? it came in at No. 13 with $2.2 million.

The World Series might have been a factor in keeping folks away from the theaters; also, potential moviegoers along the East Coast in the path of Hurricane Sandy might have stayed home this weekend.

"The whole marketplace felt more like September than October. Back in September, we had four down weekends in a row. There was no momentum in the marketplace," Dergarabedian said. "When a holdover is No. 1, it reflects a lack of strength in the marketplace. Every week should have a new movie topping the chart."

As for the philosophical, centuries-spanning "Cloud Atlas," he said: "To have a) a big budget, b) Tom Hanks and c) it's a big, epic film, it doesn't necessarily follow that it's going to be a big box office hit. I admire that they went for it."

But there's hope on the horizon with the animated comedy "Wreck-It Ralph" coming next weekend, the latest James Bond film, "Skyfall," opening Nov. 9 and the final installment in the "Twilight" saga due out Nov. 16. "Skyfall" opened this weekend overseas with a whopping $77.7 million in 25 countries.

"This is just one of those box office weekends we'd rather forget," Dergarabedian said. "Unless you're 'Argo.'"

Estimated ticket sales are for Friday through Sunday at U.S. and Canadian theaters, according to Hollywood.com. Where available, latest international numbers are also included. Final domestic figures will be released Monday.

1. "Argo," $12.4 million. ($5 million international.)

2. "Hotel Transylvania," $9.5 million. ($18.1 million international.)

3. "Cloud Atlas," $9.4 million.

4. "Paranormal Activity 4," $8.7 million. ($14.1 million international.)

5. (tie) "Silent Hill: Revelation 3-D," $8 million.

6. "Taken 2," $8 million. ($10.1 million.)

7. "Here Comes the Boom," $5.5 million.

8. "Sinister," $5.07 million.

9. Alex Cross," $5.05 million.

10. "Fun Size," $4.1 million.

___

___

Estimated weekend ticket sales at international theaters (excluding the U.S. and Canada) for films distributed overseas by Hollywood studios, according to Rentrak:

___

1. "Skyfall," $77.7 million.

2. "Hotel Transylvania," $18.1 million.

3. "Paranormal Activity 4," $14.1 million.

4. "The Bourne Legacy," $11.5 million.

5. "Taken 2," $10.1 million.

6. "The Impossible," $8.7 million.

7. "Madagascar 3," $8.4 million.

8. "Asterix et Obelix: Au Service de Sa Majeste," $5.3 million.

9. (tie) "Argo," $5 million.

10. "Ted," $5 million.

___

Universal and Focus are owned by NBC Universal, a unit of Comcast Corp.; Sony, Columbia, Sony Screen Gems and Sony Pictures Classics are units of Sony Corp.; Paramount is owned by Viacom Inc.; Disney, Pixar and Marvel are owned by The Walt Disney Co.; Miramax is owned by Filmyard Holdings LLC; 20th Century Fox and Fox Searchlight are owned by News Corp.; Warner Bros. and New Line are units of Time Warner Inc.; MGM is owned by a group of former creditors including Highland Capital, Anchorage Advisors and Carl Icahn; Lionsgate is owned by Lions Gate Entertainment Corp.; IFC is owned by AMC Networks Inc.; Rogue is owned by Relativity Media LLC.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/f70471f764144b2fab526d39972d37b3/Article_2012-10-28-Box%20Office/id-696b1dbfd6f340e794b7cbecc72a32ce

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Study finds diabetes raises levels of proteins linked to Alzheimer's features

Saturday, October 27, 2012

Growing evidence suggests that there may be a link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, but the physiological mechanisms by which diabetes impacts brain function and cognition are not fully understood. In a new study published in Aging Cell, researchers at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies show, for the first time, that diabetes enhances the development of aging features that may underlie early pathological events in Alzheimer's.

Specifically, the Salk team found increases in two hallmarks of Alzheimer's-accumulations of amyloid beta (Abeta) and tau protein-in the brains of diabetic mice, especially in cells surrounding blood vessels. Abeta, the misfolded peptide that is thought in part to cause Alzheimer's disease, aggregated inside astrocytes, star-shaped brain cells that, upon interaction with Abeta, release inflammatory molecules that can destroy neurons. Previously, this had not been shown in mouse models of type 1 diabetes (T1D).

"Our study supports and extends the links between diabetes, aging and Alzheimer's," says senior author Pamela Maher, a senior staff scientist in Salk's Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology. "We show that type 1 diabetes increases vascular-associated amyloid beta buildup in the brain and causes accelerated brain aging."

The findings suggest that the neurovascular system may be a good candidate for new therapeutic targets to treat Alzheimer's in the early stages of the disease.

Alzheimer's and diabetes are two diseases that are increasing at an alarming rate within the U.S. population. Alzheimer's affects one in 10 Americans over 65 years of age and nearly 50 percent of those over 85. Similarly, more than 8 percent of Americans (approximately 26 million people) have diabetes, with the vast majority of those individuals being over 60.

Maher says her team is uncertain of the precise mechanism behind the increase in Abeta and tau in the mouse brain, but their data suggest that changes in astrocytes, as well as other pro-inflammatory processes and the bonding of proteins with sugar molecules (called non-enzymatic glycation), may contribute.

"Astrocytes play a key role in maintaining nerve cells in the brain," says lead study author Antonio Currais, a postdoctoral researcher at Salk. "Both chronic peripheral inflammation and increased non-enzymatic glycation are associated with diabetes, and these changes may act on the brain to alter astrocyte function, which eventually leads to Alzheimer's-like changes."

All nerve cells are closely connected to blood vessels, as they need nutrients---- especially glucose (sugar) and oxygen---- provided by the blood in order to function. Astrocytes facilitate the transfer of nutrients between blood vessels and cells. The buildup of Abeta at sites where astrocytes interact with blood vessels suggest that this could impair the transfer of nutrients. The type of Abeta localization seen in Maher's mouse models is also found in human Alzheimer's patients

To examine the contributions of diabetes to Alzheimer's-related pathology in the aged brain, the Salk researchers induced T1D in two sets of mouse models. One set, known as SAMP8 mice, undergo accelerated aging and develop early deterioration in learning and memory, as well as a number of brain alterations similar to those found in Alzheimer's. The other set, SAMR1 mice, which in this study came from the same gene pool as the SAMP8 mice, age normally.

Using these mice, Maher and her colleagues addressed how T1D interacts with age to contribute to Alzheimer's-related pathology. They showed that T1D elicits a wide range of pathological changes in the brains of both strains of mice, which are exacerbated by premature aging.

The Salk study is the first to show that these modifications are similar to those seen in old nondiabetic SAMP8 mice and to identify unique pathological changes, such as increases in markers for inflammation, in aged, T1D SAMP8 mice. Unlike most mouse studies of Alzheimer's, Maher's mice were not engineered to produce high levels of human Abeta or tau,so all of their observations came from naturally occurringAbeta and tau.

###

Salk Institute: http://www.salk.edu

Thanks to Salk Institute for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/124872/Study_finds_diabetes_raises_levels_of_proteins_linked_to_Alzheimer_s_features__

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OutSmart Game Review - Simply Stacie

As a kid, I loved playing board games with my family. That really hasn?t changed as I?ve gotten older and I still enjoy a good game with my kids or with my friends. OutSmart is a game that has just launched in Canada and we have tested it out as a family and it was a hit!

I read the directions, but always seem to figure it out as we go along. Bridget (age 8), Olivia (age 14) and I sat down to play. Everyone got an answer sheet and I decided to be the Round Leader. The Round Leader rolls the die first to determine how many answers that all players must give to that round?s question. Olivia was the Round Reader for the first round. Her job was to select the question card and put it in the secret card holder and read the question out loud. After the question is read, the Round Reader turns over the timer and the players have until the timer runs out to write down their answers on the answer sheet.

After the time runs out, the Round Leader states one of the answers on his/her list. Any players who have that same answer must cross it off their list. The Round Leader continues to read the answers on their list with the others crossing the answers that are off the list. Then after the Round Leader has finished their list, the next person reads their list and the process repeats. In the end, only people left with original answers will earn the points. ?Points are written down on the Scorekeeper card to keep track of how many points were earned by each person each round.

The game is for 2 to 6 players and for ages 8 and up. Bridget is 8 and was at a disadvantage on some of the questions. There was a question about naming all the male characters on Grey?s Anatomy and she had no idea. There was another question about what countries had the most McDonalds restaurants and Bridget really tried. She named countries like Canada, USA and China but then also listed some of the Canadian provinces. Some of the questions were over her head. However, when the question about naming the characters on SpongeBob SquarePants came up, she got them all right. I guess it just depended on the question asked.

The question on Grey?s Anatomy had an error on it though! It asked for the male characters of Grey?s Anatomy and listed Teddy Altman as one of the answers. People that watch Grey?s know that Teddy is a woman.

Olivia did amazing! She ended up beating both Bridget and I and winning the game! After the game was over, she wanted to play again. I think this would be a good game for her and her friends to play together at a sleepover party. I can?t see Bridget playing it though without Olivia, John or me.

Visit the OutSmart website to find out more info about this exciting new game!

Disclosure: I was not financially compensated for this post. I received a sample of the product for review purposes. The opinions are my own, based on my personal experience with the product.

Source: http://www.simplystacie.net/2012/10/outsmart-game-review/

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Former suspect in Etan Patz case to be freed

FILE - In this May 2012 file photo obtained by The Associated Press, murder suspect Pedro Hernandez is shown. Hernandez confessed to the 1979 murder of 6-year-old Etan Patz in New York City. (AP Photo/File)

FILE - In this May 2012 file photo obtained by The Associated Press, murder suspect Pedro Hernandez is shown. Hernandez confessed to the 1979 murder of 6-year-old Etan Patz in New York City. (AP Photo/File)

FILE- In this May 28, 2010 file photo provided by the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections, inmate Jose A. Ramos is shown. Ramos, a convicted child molester who was found civilly liable in the death of Etan Patz, is due to be released from prison in Pennsylvania in early November. Now that Pedro Hernandez has confessed to the killing in 1979, will Ramos actually go free? (AP Photo/Pennsylvania Department of Corrections, File)

NEW YORK (AP) ? While prosecutors weigh what to do about a suspect who surprisingly surfaced this spring in the landmark 1979 disappearance case of Etan Patz, the man who was the prime suspect for years is about to go free after more than two decades in prison for molesting other children.

These two threads in the tangled story are set to cross next month, a twist that evokes decades of uncertainties and loose ends in the search for what happened to the sandy-haired 6-year-old last seen walking to his Manhattan school bus stop.

The new suspect, Pedro Hernandez, has been charged with Etan's murder after police said he emerged as a suspect and confessed this spring. But there's no public indication that authorities have found anything beyond his admission to implicate him, and his lawyer has said Hernandez is mentally ill.

The Pennsylvania inmate, Jose Ramos, was declared responsible for Etan's death in a civil court, but the Manhattan district attorney's office has said there wasn't enough evidence to charge him criminally. After serving 25 years on child molestation convictions in Pennsylvania, he's set to be freed Nov. 7, about a week before prosecutors are due to indicate whether they believe there's evidence enough to keep going after Hernandez.

It stands to be a coincidence fraught with anguish for Etan's parents, who brought a successful wrongful death lawsuit against Ramos, and for the former federal prosecutor who went to lengths to pursue him. At the same time, it offers a glimmer of vindication for Ramos, who has denied involvement in the boy's disappearance, though authorities have said he made incriminating remarks about it.

In a letter last month to The Associated Press, Ramos said he was declining interviews while in prison but will be available to speak after his release.

Etan's disappearance made national news and raised awareness about children's safety, turning him into a symbol for the issue in a now-familiar response: He was among the first vanished youngsters ever pictured on a milk carton. The day of his disappearance, May 25, is now National Missing Children's Day.

After years of investigation as far afield as Israel, an arrest was finally made on the eve of this year's anniversary. Hernandez, who worked at a convenience store near Etan's home when the boy disappeared, wasn't a suspect until a tipster contacted police this spring after the case, long quiet, returned to the headlines when officials dug up a neighborhood basement looking for clues. After his arrest, the New York Police Department announced that Hernandez had admitted strangling the boy and leaving his body in a trash bag.

There has been no signal that an extensive probe in the months since has turned up further evidence against him. Hernandez's attorney, Harvey Fishbein, raised further doubts about the case, saying Hernandez is schizophrenic and bipolar and has heard voices.

During the decades when Hernandez wasn't on investigators' radar, they explored many other leads and possible suspects, including Ramos.

The 69-year-old came under suspicion early on because he had a relationship with Etan's former baby sitter, but investigators didn't find anything solid. In the early 1980s, Ramos was arrested, though not convicted, on charges he tried to lure children to a drainage pipe where he was living. Photos of young, blond boys were found in his backpack.

Ramos then traveled the country by bus, attending gatherings of the Rainbow Family of Living Light, a loose collection of peace activists who come together around the country. He was accused of luring three boys into his bus and assaulting them at two of the group's gatherings in Pennsylvania in the mid-1980s.

"He had thousands of dollars in 'Star Wars' toys on his bus. He had videotapes, and he had all kinds of materials he used to lure children inside," Barry Adams, a longtime Rainbow member, recalled this week from his Montana home. "It was a horrendous circumstance from A to Z."

Ramos' record got the attention of Stuart GraBois, a Manhattan federal prosecutor assigned to help the investigation into Etan's disappearance.

GraBois interviewed Ramos and became convinced he had assaulted and killed Etan ? so convinced that GraBois helped Pennsylvania authorities get one of their convictions against Ramos. He was ultimately sentenced to a maximum of 27 years in the two cases, but got credit for time served and is being released.

Over the years, Ramos has made a series of ambiguous admissions and denials about Etan. Two jailhouse snitches claim he confessed to them, and GraBois said Ramos gave him a "90 percent confession." But during sworn questioning in 2003, Ramos said he'd never encountered the vanished boy.

"I have nothing to hide," he said, according to a transcript.

Etan's parents, too, zeroed in on Ramos, pursuing him in a 2001 wrongful death lawsuit. After Ramos refused to answer some questions, a judge ruled him responsible for the boy's death. But there wasn't enough evidence to make a criminal case.

A DA's office spokeswoman and Hernandez' lawyer declined to comment on Ramos' release, as did the now-retired GraBois. The Patzes' lawyer didn't respond to phone messages; the parents have asked to be left alone.

There's no time limit for bringing charges in a murder case, so prosecutors could charge Ramos ? or someone else ? in future if they decide not to pursue Hernandez. But from a practical standpoint, the fact that Hernandez was charged could be grist for any other suspect's defense.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2012-10-28-Missing%20NYC%20Boy/id-e13528da26a445ec844d92aa483f19d1

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Why Love Hurts ? Eva Illouz | Full Stop

[Polity, 2012]

Why Love Hurts??is a modern answer to a timeless question. This new book by Eva Illouz, Professor of Sociology at Hebrew University, sets out to do for emotional suffering and romantic love what Marx did for commodities, exposing the socio-economic underbelly of what we once took to be the natural features of a happy and fulfilling life. For those in her target audience, namely heterosexual Western women, Illouz hopes to offer a compelling account of how suffering in love has come to be internalized as personal failure. The successes and failures of?Why Love Hurts?aside, her efforts should be commended for giving a full academic treatment to amorous relationships in neo-liberal times, heeding Frederic Jameson?s call to ?always historicize.?

This book is a sociological exploration at heart, though it is less reliant on observations (survey data, interviews) than an abundance of literary and philosophical references used as if they were source material.? Illouz?s literary range spans Jane Austen?s repertoire (which serves to depict pre-modern courtship rituals), to J.M. Coetzee?s?Disgrace?(used to highlight the exploitation of power in gendered relationships). All this is interspersed with cursory interruptions from the heavy hitters in sociology, critical theory, gender studies and psychoanalysis: from Durkheim and Marx to Firestone and Freud. One can also expect to find transcripts from personal interviews and interactions on Internet dating sites within the text. While the eclectic range of her supporting material certainly makes Illouz?s work more accessible to a wider audience, it also ends up diluting the potency of her argument at times.

Much of Illouz?s analysis is structured around a comparative study between pre-modern (pre-twentieth century) and modern relationship dynamics. She claims that in Jane Austen?s time, choosing a mate was a prescriptive social activity that did not reflect an individual?s inner worth, but was rather about reinforcing socioeconomic status (and in a pretty unambiguous way). Pre-modern courtship was a venue to uphold social mores and thus build one?s moral character through the performance of certain social and domestic rituals. Illouz juxtaposes this with a modern culture of commodification that has rendered sexuality the currency of mate selection (while sexual product pushers like the cosmetics industry laugh their way to bank).?Why Love Hurts?gives pause to those who hailed the sexual revolution as the great social equalizer of modernity by forcing us to consider how we?ve been acting as good capitalists, unwittingly allowing consumerism (freedom of choice from commodities to partners) to act as our organizing principle.

Thanks to the sexual revolution?s weakening of the input from one?s family or social milieu in the realm of courtship, we moderns are left with the notion that the self is wholly responsible in relationships. Rejection in amorous affairs is thus internalized and interpreted as a reflective indicator of one?s inadequate self-worth and social value. For Illouz, it is this sociological understanding of why modern relationships are the way they are that can serve us in these times of emotional relationship distress, not psychology.

Illouz blames the influence of Freudian thought on modernity for why we?ve come to interpret suffering in love as inevitable and self-inflicted/reflexive. This way of thinking has led us to replace love for self-love. In other words ? we are socialized to blame ourselves when things go wrong in love because that is what is available to refashion when you are in a psychiatrists office.?Why Love Hurts?cautions us against attempting to look into the emotional baggage of our traumatic childhoods in order to understand the predicaments we are in today. Furthermore, Illouz claims that all this interiority, self-analysis, and rationalization is sucking the passion out of love.

Why Love Hurts?also offers a rebuttal to the Platonic concept of love?s compatibility with rationality. Indeed, for Illouz it is the irrational excesses of love that makes it consuming and passionate. She insists that non-utilitarian acts such as waste and sacrifice are what give meaning to relationships; sacrifice instills a level of sacredness and waste carries with it the connotation of spending, as in ?spending time together.? Even reciprocity for Illouz is an impossible task because ?it takes one out of the realm of love and brings one to the realm of commerce, which is incompatible with love.? While the impassioned self takes the risk of getting hurt and abandons itself for the sake of the beloved, our dispassionate contemporary world no longer finds irrational acts in the name of love poignant. As a result, Illouz claims that suffering has lost its cultural cache in modernity. Whereas in times of yore romantic suffering, like self-flagellation, was repurposed as a way to uphold social mores or exemplify your spiritual devotion, modern suffering is viewed as a sign of failure and entails a complete crisis of the self.

To stave off suffering, Illouz believes we have retreated into our imagination and fantasy, into realms that we can control, where we can orchestrate the emotional experience. She points to accelerated rise of technologies of imagination, like the cinema, that have accompanied the development of consumer culture. Jean Baudrillard?s fear of the?real?being reduced to simulations has been realized and is evident whenever we understand our relationships in terms of cinematic narrative tropes. The inevitable disappointment, when our lived reality fails to live up to imaginary fictions, leaves us increasingly cynical and closed off. We thus retreat further into our imaginations and fantasies because they are controllable, and emotionally safe. It is at this point that Illouz believes we use our imaginations in an autotelic fashion. Our fantasies are no longer ways of organizing our reality but an escape from the potentially painful uncertainties of the real world, fantasy pursued for it?s own sake. With the advent of the Internet and social media networks we can all the more readily replace real interactions with manufactured ones. Just think of all those relationships with Facebook friends, or encounters on online dating sites, that presence absence.

If you haven?t guessed by now, Illouz?s assumptive writing on the modern world exclusively (and generally uncritically) references the Western canon (save the typical throw away excuse in the intro). Furthermore, the author herself proclaims that this book is not relevant for all women (implicitly excluding men?) ?certainly not to lesbians, women who are not interested in domesticity, married or unmarried, or with children.? Illouz would claim that while heterosexual Western women have achieved an ostensible amount of emancipation in modernity, they are still subject to emotional domination by men in very new and modern ways.?Perhaps the need to hone in on this point can justify her narrow scope. I remain convinced that addressing the power dynamics of non-heternormative relationships would enrich her argument. In any case, despite the proclaimed target demographic, I do think this book has something to say to anyone who is struggling to understand why love hurts in a supposed age of increased gender equality and sexual liberation. Whether understanding the sociological underpinnings of suffering is enough to ease it remains to be seen. At the very least,?Why Love Hurts?is a terrific whirlwind read from a pop sociological perspective of the major figures in Western literature and social critique.

Source: http://www.full-stop.net/2012/10/26/reviews/carla-hung/why-love-hurts-eva-illouz-2/

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Breast Cancer Stories: Me, My Mom and Flo

To mark Breast Cancer Awareness Month, Yahoo News asked women who have had breast cancer or are going through treatment to write about the people in their lives who stood by them and cared for them. Here's one story.

FIRST PERSON | Before I had breast cancer, I was a massage therapist at Mills Health Center in San Mateo, Calif. Many of our clients came from the community. One of my regular clients was Flo, who sought treatment regularly to keep her shoulders loose and manage her stress.

One day, when I went to greet her for her regular session, she told me she had been diagnosed with breast cancer. She would receive aggressive treatment -- massage once a week for the duration of her treatments.

I was there through it all. She got through it and got back to her life, and I saw her less frequently. But I was so grateful to have been able to make a difference for her.

The day I got the dreaded call from the radiologist confirming that I had cancer, I ran into Flo. We were driving side by side on El Camino Real, a busy thoroughfare in San Mateo, of all places.

I rolled down the window and shouted the bad news.

She shouted back, "Call me! I'm your buddy!"

She was. I had inflammatory breast cancer. My treatment was aggressive. I started dose-dense chemotherapy on March 3, 2007, 10 days after my ultrasound clued in my radiologist that I "very probably" had cancer. I had eight infusions, two weeks apart. I had all the same drugs Flo had received, plus Herceptin. She took me to my appointments. She brought me Jamba Juice on chemo days and let my call her up and cry. She knew what to say when I told her my veins felt like they were full of Drano. She reassured me that the rotten way I felt was normal, and told me how long it would last and what would help me. Her husband Don also jumped in. They came and took out my daughter and son, ages 7 and 9, so I could rest. Whenever I was on the phone with Flo, Don would shout, "Tell her to remember, this is TEMP-O-RA-RY!"

Flo's partner in crime was my mom, Anne. They conferred together on the phone, about everything from my prognosis (scary, but they didn't tell me) to my boyfriend (wouldn't last; it didn't.). Mom was in Seattle. She relied on Flo to know how I was doing, and when Mom came to help when I had surgery, she and Flo were already fast friends.

Flo and I drifted back into our own very different lives after the journey, as she told me we would. We drop each other a line every so often. My gratitude to her is beyond words. I couldn't have done it without her.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/breast-cancer-stories-mom-flo-161400406.html

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It's Officially The 1980s ... At Least For Action Heroes

Arnold Schwarzenegger's return to 'Conan' and the brand-new 'Die Hard' trailer prove we're on the brink of an '80s-action-movie comeback.
By Kevin P. Sullivan

Arnold Schwarzenegger in the original "Conan the Barbarian"
Photo: Universal Pictures

Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1696328/a-good-day-to-die-hard-trailer-1980s-action-movie.jhtml

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Ancient Healing Traditions | Holistic Health & Me

Ancient Healing Arts like Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine define good health as a balance of mind, body and spirit. Western medicine emphasizes the mind and body is separate. (University of Maryland Medical Center)

Ayurveda from India and Traditional Chinese Medicine, both of which are over 5,000 years old, take a deep understanding of the laws and patterns of nature and applies them to mind, body and spirit health.?Both realize the importance of the prevention of disease along with treating the cause of illness instead of the symptoms.

Each ancient healing science believes the human body is a microcosm of the Universal macrocosm where all things organic and inorganic are connected. In order to find harmony and health one must follow the laws of the Universe. Mind, body and spirit are in constant interaction which includes relationships with others and the environment.

An understanding in common with both healing modalities include attention to lifestyle, breathing, herbs, meditation, massage, rest and relaxation, adjustments to seasonal changes, emotions and their relationship with health, along with exercise and nutrition to promote balance and harmony.

Throughout life, internal and external conditions change. When mind, body and spirit are healthy, the inner wisdom automatically adjusts to maintain equilibrium. When energy is out of balance or stagnant, moment to moment consciousness and awareness is needed to restore that balance of energy.

Vasant Lad who holds a Bachelor?s of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery (BAMS) degree from the University of Pune and a Master?s of Ayurvedic Science (MASc) degree from Tilak Ayurved Mahavidyalaya notes the following:

?According to the ancient science of Ayurveda, self-understanding is the foundation of life. By making adjustments to your lifestyle you can achieve balance of mind, body and spirit. Using this knowledge will also help you understand others with whom you are connected. Understanding one another brings clarity; clarity brings compassion; and compassion is love.?

Paying attention to inner wisdom and intuition helps regulate harmony and balance. One of the keys to health is this Awareness. By recognizing and positively responding to change balance is maintained. When inner wisdom and common sense are put aside, imbalance follows.

Self-esteem is also a core component of healing. According to Ayurveda every cell is a center of intelligence and awareness. Each cell has a sense of ?self? for its own survival. Having self-esteem, self-confidence & self-respect promotes intelligence for each cell which in turn promotes proper cell functioning and immunity.

Traditional Chinese Medicine states that Qi (pronounced ?chee?), which is translated as vital energy force, flows through the meridians or energy pathways of the body. Keeping the meridians clear is imperative for the self-regulating actions of the body. It is said that Qi is the force that makes blood to flow through the body which in turn provides the intelligence that guides it to where it needs to go. In the Western understanding of complementary and alternative medicine ?balance? is described as the desired state. In TCM ?harmony? is the ultimate goal and balance is the first step to harmony. When things are in harmony they are blended together into a seamless whole.

Using awareness, knowledge and wisdom, one can create, maintain and restore balance and harmony naturally.

Guest Writer:

Garry Greer is a holistic practitioner who specializes in mind body communication. He began his journey 10 years ago after receiving a personal healing transformation for himself and decided to learn these techniques to assist in the peace and healing of others. As a graduate from the Southwest Institute of Healing Arts, his studies included modalities such as clinical hypnotherapy, holistic nutrition, flower essences and wellness coaching along with additional mind body therapies. He is also a long time student of yoga. Today his intention is working with other like-minded health care professionals with the understanding there is no one size fits all when it comes to wellness. It is his passion to be a guide to others to understand how our desires, intentions and choices along with beliefs and expectations continue to shape, change and create our reality.? His goal is providing you with tools to ?Awaken the Self-Healer Within.?

Source: http://www.holistichealthandme.com/holistic-health-care/ancient-healing-traditions/

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